Editor-in-chief: R.S. Grinberg
International Council: A.A.Akaev (Kyrgyzstan), S.D. Bodrunov (Russia), V.M. Geets (Ukraine), M.S. Gorbachev (Russia), G.K. Galbraith (USA), M.Zeman (Czechia), I. Iliesku (Romania), G. Kolodko (Poland), A. Ye. Lebedev (Russia), A. Michnik (Poland), A.D. Nekipelov (Russia), P.G.Nikitenko (Belarus), K. Prunskene (Lithuania), R.Skidelsky (United Kingdom), Î. Sulejmenov (Kazakhstan), F.Tishendorf (Germany), Ya.Charnogursky (Slovakia), L. Sharinger (Austria), G. Erler (Germany)
Founders:
- The Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences
- NP "Editorial board of "The World of Transformations" journal"
The journal is registered by the Ministry for Television and Radio Broadcasting and Mass Media PI N 77-15089 from April 14, 2003.
Editorial board: A.V.Alexeyev (managing editor), V.Bachishin, L.B.Vardomsky, S.P.Glinkina, M.Yu.Golovnin, V.I.Kulikov, N.V.Kulikova, E.K.Mazurova, I.I.Orlik, A.P.Potyemkin, V.A.Samarin, G.D.Toloraya, B.Ye.Frumkin, L.G.Khodov, A.S.Tsipko, T.V.Tsygichko (executive secretary), E.V.Tsymbal, T.V.Chubarova, L.F.Shevtsova, B.A.Shmelyov
Contacts: Nakhimovsky prospekt, 32
Moscow 117218
Russia
Pnone: +7 499 7241519;
E-mail: redaktor.mp@gmail.com, mir-peremen@yandex.ru
Web-site: http://www.mirperemen.net; http://www.imepi-eurasia.ru
2018
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2017
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2016
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2015
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2014
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2004
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To the Readers of "The World of Transformations"
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1/2018
CONTENTS
To the Readers
Transformation
Economy
Politics
Social Sphere
Regional Communities
At the Bookshelf
- A. Veber. The Formation of a Global Peace: What Next?
- Publication of the Institute of Economics on International Issues
in 2017
Academic Life
- L. Kosikova. Russia in Global and Regional Transformation Processes
1/2018
SUMMARY
R.Grinberg
. Jubilee of a Lost Chance
The current calendar can be called a jubilee for eternally alluring Russia dreams of freedom
and justice. We are talking about the legendary «Prague Spring», whether half-forgotten
or semi-prohibited for the high-profile mentioning of hybrid wars in our troubled times, of titanic television battles with the «fifth column», of spiritual «braces» and, suddenly,
of more frequent squabbles on the topic of sexual harassments. Then, 50 years ago, the
whole world was closely watching the radical social changes, which were unfolding in the
socialist Czechoslovakia, and which were interrupted at the very height of reforms..
G. Jacobs. The Political Economy of Neo-Liberalism and Illiberal Democracy
As is known, the world develops far nonlinearly. Often society, once having rejected
those or other doctrines, theories, strategies of its functioning, returns to them in one
form or another on a new spiral turn. Something similar happens, in the opinion of the
famous scientist and public figure G. Jacobs, with neo-liberalism – the dominant world
view of the last third of the XXth century.
P. Savchenko, M. Fedorova. Convergence As a Model for the Development of the Socio-Economic System
When post-socialist countries, at the turn of the 1990s, began to change the social
system, they had to choose some kind of development model. Some rejected all the
imperatives of socialism and put on the free market. Others decided to combine
state regulation and market self-regulation, individual freedom and social justice in
the economy and in the society. It appears seems that the convergent model of the
development and modernization of the socio-economic system, has proved promising,
since in its center, it turned out to be a man.
E. Bukhwald. Small Business As a Factor for Economic Recovery of Russia’s Single-Industry
Towns
The current stage of the state policy of development and support of small and mediumsized
businesses is characterized by a shift from the ideology of welfare and the
achievement of a general expansion of the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses
in the Russian economy to an attempt to use already sufficiently strengthened small
forms of management in order to solve specific economic and social tasks in the country.
Among these tasks is the restoration of mono-cities.
B. Lapidus, D. Macheret. A Promising Network of High-Speed Highways Is a Tool for the Transition to
Innovative Leadership
In the article, based on the analysis of global social and economic trends, a conclusion
was drawn on the need for cardinal acceleration of the transport of goods and passengers
and the expediency of creating a network of high-speed lines, using vacuum-levitation
technologies, to solve this problem. Taking into account the analysis of historical
experience, it is justified that, in order to avoid inefficient costs, it is necessary to build a
perspective topology of such a transport network. A concrete variant of the perspective
topology of the network of vacuum-levitational highways and high speed railway in
Russia is proposed.
A. Karavaev.
Azerbaijan in International Transport Corridors
Transport is the most important direction and driving force of globalization and regional
economic integration. This maximum is true for Azerbaijan. The current attention of
the authorities of the country to transport communications and to transit of goods,
is determined, first of all, by a decrease in the volume of revenues from oil and gas
projects, and by the aspiration and by the desire to diversify sources of economic growth.
I. Orlik.
Central-Eastern Europe: from Euphoria to Skepticism
The development of socio-political and economic life in CEE, in the first years of the
XXI century, did not foreshadow disturbing prospects. On the contrary, in 1989–1991
years. the process of transformation began, and then it continued. The European
integration, one by one, absorbed post-socialist countries, which, after having got fed
from the European Union, and, after having received recharge from them, began to
strengthen their economies. True, the crisis of 2008–2010. somewhat violated this
process, but did not seriously affect the stability achieved.
F. Manenti.
Where does Competition Between China and India Leads to?
BRICS, as one of the most influential international forums, constantly attracts the
attention of researchers studying certain innovations within the framework of the bloc,
as well as the state of relations between its members. F. Manenti analyzes the causes of
the uneasy relations between China and India and the possibility of finding a balance of
their competitive interests.
O. Stuenkel.
International Politics in 2018: Ten Predictions
Predictions in our time are not uncommon, and besides, in different areas. Especially
their number increases at the turn of the years. Today we present to our readers the
expectations of the famous Latin American foreign policy researcher of Brazil, India and
China and their impact on the global governance in the coming year.
A. Sedlov.
Russian Labor Market: Features of Eastern and Western Migration
When many decisions are made in the sphere of regulating the movement of labor,
the impact on the economy of decisions and political transformations is often
overestimated. Beyond any doubt,, the state restrictions, the sanctions war with the
West, the European migration crisis, the political reorientation of a number of CIS
countries significantly influence the integration of the Russian labor market. At
the same time, the change in the scale and in the dynamics of migration processes, is
primarily objective in nature.
R. Savio.
Billionaires, Fiscal Paradise, the World’s Debt, and the Victims
Among Bloomberg’s many profitable activities is a convenient Bloomberg Billionaires
Index that has just published its findings for 2017. It covers only the 500 richest people,
and it proudly announces that they increased their wealth by 1 trillion dollars in just one
year. Their fortunes went up by 23% to top comfortable 5 trillion dollars (to put this in
perspective, the US budget is now at 3.7 trillion.) That obviously means an equivalent
reduction for the rest of the population, which lost those trillion dollars. What is not
widely known is that the amount of the circulation of money stays the same; no new
money is printed to accommodate the 500 richest billionaires!
N. Feit.
Foreign Economic Relations of the CEE Countries: Acquisition and Loss
At present, the CEE countries are experiencing the consequences of geopolitical and
economic instability, provoked by the global financial and economic crisis and by the
further exacerbation of the problems of global and European economies. The policy of
sanctions against Russia, initiated by the West, makes the «New Europeans» its active
participants, compelled and forced to comply with the principles of EU membership.
E. Sheinin.
The Investment Process and the Economic Growth in CEE
The countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) face difficult challenges in ensuring
sustainable economic growth. Their solution, to a large extent, depends on achieving
high rates of increase in investment in fixed assets, on raising the rate of investment in
GDP. This article is devoted to the study of the role of investments in economic growth,
to the assessment of the resource potential of investments, to the importance of foreign
direct investments for the economies of the countries of the region.
V. Dergachev.
The European Experience of Regional Policy
In Europe in recent decades, regionalization is actively developing. The modern
European regionalism differs from traditional by openness, by formation “from
below”, by participation of non-state and sub-national subjects. The advantage in
competitiveness is given to regions and territorial communities, where local sociocultural
communications are taken into account, most of all.
4/2017
CONTENTS
To the Readers
R. Grinberg. What gave October "to the city and the world" and
what are his lessons?
By the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution
A. Adamishin. October 1917
A. Auzan. A major institutional event
K. Babkin. We need to engage in politics!
S. Bodrunov. The past as the key to the future
Yu. Boldyrev. Lessons of the Russian Revolution are not learned
Yu. Borko. Russia is now split
A. Buzgalin. Contradictions of the first breakthrough to the realm
of freedom
L. Bulavka-Buzgalina. Red October 1917: from freedom to liberation
M. Burak. On the sidelines of the global civilization the process
L. Vardomsky. From the Great Revolution to disintegration Great country
N. Vardul. Social justice – the beacon of social revolutions
A. Veber. Do not bring the situation to a spontaneous "Ruthless revolt"
M. Voeikov. Great country – Great Revolution
V. Vyzhutovich. When the authorities are deaf to the new public requests
Yu. Goland. The revolution accelerated the modernization of the country
L. Grigoriev. It is necessary to reach compromises step by step
A. Gromyko. About the Russian Revolution
G. Gudkov. Practical inevitability
D. Gudkov. The history is done every minute
V. Davydov. October 1917 post factum
D. Dragunsky. The "Third Party" of the Revolution
S. Dubinin. The main law – is the saving of the people
I. Egorov. History is a non-stationary process
Z. Zakhariev. Civilization charge of October
L. Zevin. On the verge of profound changes in the world
V. Igrunov. The sad consequence of the Russian Revolution
V. Inozemtsev. A person must be above society and the state
Yu. Knyazev. Do not repeat the same mistakes, but do not forget useful
experience
I. Kobrinskaya. Requires political will, determination and consistency in
implementing systemic reforms
N. Kozlov. Need modern social reforms
A. Kolesnikov. We are still living inside the Soviet period
A. Korobkov. Systemic nature of causes and consequences revolution
V. Kuvaldin. October as a revolution – restoration
J. Kieza. A history written by the winners never is not true
A. Lebedev. A good vaccination against social demagogy
V. Loginov. Still ahead
A. Malashenko. Was it inevitable?
E. Malitikov. Postulate on the future millenniums
P. Minakir. The age of success that did not become a victory
Ya. Mirkin. In Russia, the trend towards simplification and archaic
is stronger trend to development
V. Mironenko. Having started a dispute between the present and
the past, we lost the future
M. Mikhailova. The truth disappeared, dissolved completely
A. Nechaev. The October Revolution is lessons for the modern of Russia
I. Orlik. Synonyms of the Russian Revolution are great and tragic
M. Pogrebinsky. There are more dangerous analogies
A. Porokhovsky. The most important period in history world civilization
A. Rar. Artificial deviation from the intended historical path
V. Ryzhkov. The main lesson of October is the collapse of the failure
modernization
A. Ryabov. The urgent problems must be solved on time
B. Slavin. Reflections on October and soviet history
V. Solodkov, O. Solodkova. It is very important to form legal awareness
of a free citizen
D. Sorokin. The similarity in one: a lot of talk and steal
I. Starikov. The Hegelian mole of history digs slowly
A. Stratan, M. Poisik. Every revolution is conceived by romantics, is made
fanatics, but use its fruits inveterate scoundrels
G. Tosunyan.The main misfortune of October is the fierce split in society
V. Fedotova. Where there is no sensitivity to inequality and injustice,
there is a danger of destruction
G. Feigin. The October Revolution: historical basics and lessons
for the future
R. Khasbulatov. Do not create conditions and prerequisites for revolutions
L. Khodov. A positive phenomenon in the history of Russia
G. Tsagolov. We must avoid extremes
A. Tsipko. Russia is stuck in a civilized impasse
S. Chernavsky. Negative evaluation of October indisputable
L. Shevtsova. The threat of repetition of historical cycles
B. Shmelev. The Great Russian Revolution
I. Yurgens. A broad coalition of social groups is needed
3/2017
CONTENTS
To the Readers
- R. Grinberg. How to Overcome Geopolitical Loneliness?
At the Root of Change
Moscow Economy Forum – 2017
To the 100th Anniversary of the Russian Revolution
Economy
Politics
Social Sphere
Globalization
Regional Blocks
At the Bookshelf
- I. Sinitsina, N. Chudakova. Innovativeness – the Condition of Modern
Development
3/2017
ÐÅÇÞÌÅ
R. Grinberg.
How to Overcome Geopolitical Loneliness?
I just want to clarify, why this time, for Journal heading "To the Readers" from which every
issue of the journal "The World of Transformations" traditionally begins, I chose, it would seem,
a strange topic for such a publication, – about loneliness and its overcoming. Frankly speaking,
because, as a personal pain, I perceive that absurd situation, when our country was practically
alone among the most developed and democratic states of the modern world.
A. Grachev. Nostalgia for Utopia
The restructuring (or originally Perestroika), proposed to the country in 1985 by M. Gorbachev,
to this day attracts the attention of both laymen and experts. It is unlikely that this is a simple
curiosity; it is rather that, with that period of national history, with all the cognitive interest,
problems are associated, both in international and domestic life, those problems, which were
unresolved then and which are tangible today. It is all the more valuable when the relevant
circumstances are clarified by the direct participant in those events. Today the editor-in-chief of
the journal, R. Grinberg, talks to A. Grachev – the press secretary of the first president of the
USSR.
What Development Strategy Will Work in Modern Russia?
Today, once again, national interests determine the development in the whole world. One of the
priority objectives of the Russian government, set by the President of the RF, V. Putin, is to launch
a program that will help overcome stagnation and, as soon as possible, to enter the growth rates
that exceed the growth rates of the world economy. What will be included in this program of
events? Will the tax burden be reduced to free up investments? The answers to these and other
questions were sought by the participants in the II Plenary Discussion of the Moscow Economic
Forum (March 30, 2017).
The Crisis of Capitalism: the Social-Democratic Response
On March 30, within the framework of the Moscow Economic Forum, a meeting of the "round
table" "The Crisis of Capitalism: the Social-Democratic Response" was held. Moderator of the
discussion, the co-chairman of the Forum, R. Grinberg, invited participants to assess the state and
the degree of demand for a socially-oriented model of economic development in the country and
abroad. What are the prospects for "sociality" and "democracy" in the modern world?
A. Kiva. Without Unambiguous Estimates
The century of such an event as the Russian Revolution of 1917 was to cause serious discussion in
the political elite, the authorities themselves and the media. However, the discussion of this event
in Russia went in an unexpected direction.
A. Tsipko. October "Coup" in the Mirror of Modern "Invalid Patriotism"
Getting rid of the Soviet system, from the domination of Marxist-Leninist ideology, turned into
aggressive anti-Westernism, denial of the values of freedom and individual rights. The features of
this contradictory patriotism are discussed in this article.
L. Vardomsky.
The Neighborhood Factor in the Economic Development of New Border Regions of Russia
The peculiarities of the development of border areas are due, on the one hand, to their marginal
position in the state, and on the other – to proximity to neighboring countries. A lot of scientific
research works in Russia and abroad are devoted to the study of these territories. The purpose
of this article is to evaluate the influence of the neighborhood factor with new states on the
economic growth of adjacent regions of Russia, – which are the new border regions (the NBR) in
the years 2005–2015.
L. Petrevich.
The Formation of the Stock Exchange of Securities – the Nature of Frustrations
The modern capitalism as the dominant form of economic activity in the world is not the whole
and the integral system. Depending on the theoretical concept, within the framework of capitalism,
different models of it are highlighted. There are many classifications of models of capitalism, and,
what is more, this heterogeneity is manifested in the use of different terminology, of different criteria
of division, taking into account only economic factors or, in addition, political and social ones.
Gr. Mesezhnikov.
The Rise of Right-Wing Extremism is a Challenge to Liberal Democracy in Slovakia
The strengthening of populist, Eurosceptic and extremist forces today is a noticeable trend in a
number of European countries. In recent years, xenophobia has become a powerful mobilizing
tool with a subsequent impact on specific forms of practical policies, especially in Central and
Eastern Europe. In parliaments of some European countries, the proportion of deputies,
representing xenophobic and populist parties, is growing.
I. Tharoor.
The Right-Wing Government in Poland is on a Collision Course with the European Union.
Over the weekend, a bill overhauling the country’s judiciary passed both chambers of the
parliament. If it gets adopted, the ruling Law and Justice Party will be able to fill Poland’s
Supreme Court with its hand-picked allies. Critics warn it would be a profound step toward
authoritarianism.
K. Connolly.
Poland’s President to Veto Controversial Laws amid Protests
Andrzej Duda says he will block proposed legislation that would have put Supreme Court under
control of ruling party.
D. Epstein.
Under the Sword of Damocles
The Ministry of Education and Science of the RF has proposed for public discussion the draft Law
on Science, on Scientific, Technical and Innovation activities. Does it contribute to a solution of the
main problems of science, of scientific, technical and innovative activities? Does it assume significant
positive changes in the goal setting and planning of scientific activities, or, on the contrary, does it
open the way to a reduction of the number of scientific institutions and of their funding?
G. Epstein.
Financialization Has Turned the Global Economy into a House of Cards
Contemporary capitalism revolves around neoliberalism, globalization and financialization, with
the latter being the dominant force in this triad. Yet, there is still confusion about the nature and
dynamics of financialization, including its impact on the economy.
Z. Dadabayeva.
SCO Expansion: The New Opportunities and the New Risks
The key event of the next regular SCO summit (June 9, 2017) in Astana was the adoption of
two new members – India and Pakistan. Such expansion can open up a qualitatively new stage
of its activity, identify additional opportunities and enhance the organization’ authority in
international affairs, and raise the importance in the world. At the same time, substantial interstate
contradictions in these countries cannot but cause concern.
M. Sviridova.
Is Slovakia the Most Successful of the European Union’s Countries?
Slovakia is considered the most successful country in the European Union – GDP is growing,
industry is developing, and unemployment is declining. A number of macroeconomic indicators
of the country are higher than the average European ones. But Slovakia has serious disagreements
with the European Union on issues of geopolitics and of internal policy of the EU and it is not
afraid to defend its position.
2/2017
CONTENTS
To the Readers
Moscow Economic Forum – 2017
Transformation
Economy
Politics
Social Sphere
Regional Blocs
Culture
At the Bookshelf
- L. Vardomsky. Econometric Measurement of Eurasian Space
2/2017
SUMMARY
R. Grinberg.
Civil War in the Minds of Russians Is not Over
100 years ago, extraordinary events took place in Russia. How to evaluate the revolution
of 1917? The thesis that the Russian impulse to justice had a serious impact on the social
sphere of the then capitalism is virtually not challenged. The establishment of equality,
which the October Revolution declared and largely implemented, quickly gained
European, if not world-wide, popularity. In short, sociality is the main benefit that the
October Revolution gave.
Confused Man between Despair and Hope: World Situation and Russian Specificity
Such topic was chosen by the participants of the first plenary discussion of the 5th
Moscow Economic Forum, which, according to tradition, was held in the Shuvalov Corps
of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov on March 30–31, 2017.
E. Kleer. Central and Eastern Europe: Peripheral and Imitative Capitalism
To answer the question of how capitalism was built in Central and Eastern Europe, a
serious theoretical socio-economic and politico-economic analysis is required. Only
then we can understand the characteristics of these peripheral states.
S. Radzievskaya. On the Financial Viability of the Post-Soviet States
At the end of XX century as a result of the collapse of the camp of the socialist countries
and the USSR that headed them, the world became unipolar – capitalist, led by the
United States, in fact the only hegemon, and a single world financial system with the
main currency being the US dollar.
A. Shurubovich. Russian-Belarusian Relations: a Thorny Integration Path
Russian-Belarusian relations are now experiencing a very difficult period. The integration
process within the framework of the Union State, formed by the two countries, the
treaty on the creation of which was signed back in 1999, clearly "stumbles", its prospects
are unclear.
J. Kotowicz-Javor. Will Poland Have an Innovative Economy?
After 27 years of Polish economic transformation, the creation of the foundations of a
social market economy and a democratic state, after its inclusion in the structure of the
European Union and the opening up for competition at the global level, many positive
changes in it can be noted.
B. Shmelev. What Russia Wants and What Russia Can do in Foreign Policy
Nowadays we hear more and more often, that turbulence is growing in the sphere
international affairs. This means that relations between nations and states are becoming
less stable, which means that they must take care of preventing or countering potential
and often actual, threats from the external environment, which means that resources
must be diverted for this. Why is it restless in the world, what hinders the creative
processes?
O. Ponomareva.
Shaky of Neutrality
A very tense atmosphere in Europe has been increasingly exacerbated recently by the
North Atlantic alliance – NATO. This military and political bloc continues to draw more
Summary
Summary
and more countries of Europe into itself, assuring them that, as they say, only within
NATO they will be protected from imminent Russian aggression. Meanwhile, in modern
Europe there are countries that do not succumb to horrors about the Russian threat and
do not want to sacrifice their independence.
L. Khodov.
Is the Specter of Communism Returning?
Mankind worked its entire history for the sake of the bread of a vital and better future
for future generations. Economists, sociologists and government officials of some very
prosperous countries, came to the conclusion that citizens of these countries can always
be paid the so-called unconditional base income. The idea of unconditional income is
being tried for implementation in two other countries: in Finland and the in Netherlands,
and it is actively discussed in the European press..
D. Davydov.
Unconditional Income and Prospects of Post-Capitalism?
The theoretical perspective of a new ideological consensus is considered in the article,
which should become a response to the inability of modern capitalism to respond
adequately to the challenges of production automation and precarization..
E. Shestakova.
Problems of Prolonging Working Life
Western society is aging, life expectancy in retirement is increasing, at the same time,
the official retirement age is increasing, and numerous programs to stimulate the
employment of persons of older age groups are being developed. However various
spheres of life, especially the labor and social, are not yet ready for radical demographic
transformations.
T. Dolinina.
Rating: a Tool of "Soft Power" or an Indicator of Development?
In recent years, the ratings covered almost all spheres of our life, including international
economic relations. Of course, a comparative analysis is good in itself, for clarity, but for
experts and managers, most likely, it is necessary to identify bottlenecks.
A. Devyatkov.
Moldova between European and Post-Soviet Integration Projects
In 2013–2015 years, trade and economic relations between Russia and Moldova survived
a large-scale crisis. In connection with the signing of the association agreement with the
European Union by Chisinau, Moscow introduced the most-favored-nation treatment in
relation to the key articles of Moldovan exports.
P. Raimondi.
BRICS and European Union: Is it Possible for the Alliance
The theme of the 1st Forum of BRICS Research Centers, called "Pragmatic
Cooperation", obliges to present several ideas and some specific proposals. They affect
the general capabilities, challenges and responsibilities of this organization in the
transitional era of globalization.
Yu. Knyazev.
Arbitrary Assessments and Inconclusive Facts
The appearance of A. Tsipko’s article, dedicated the criticism of Bolshevism, is quite
natural in the Post-Soviet era, and its relevance is beyond doubt given the centennial
anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution of 1917. Undoubtedly, there will be many
more studies that can only be welcomed. The main thing is that they should help a
correct, not one-sided, but impartial understanding of the tragic and fateful events of
that time.
1/2017
Contents
To the Readers
At the Root of Change
To the 25th Anniversary of the Newly Independent States
Transformation
Economy
Politics
Social Sphere
Regional Blocs
At the Bookshelf
- V. Ryazanov. Neoindustrializm and Strategy of Economic Development
of Russia
- A. Vorontsov. Russia's Interaction with East Asian Partners
- The Publications of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy
of Sciences on International Problems in 2015–2016
1/2017
SUMMARY
R. Grinberg.
Springboard or Emergency Room?
A multi-part media saga about the ascent of Donald Trump to the presidential throne in the USA
does not appear to have reached its climax, although the sacred line of the first 100 days of his
presidency is already near.
R. Khasbulatov.
The System Had to be Reformed, not Destroyed
The events of twenty-five years ago, when the USSR collapsed, and after it the world of socialism
followed, when the peoples of almost 30 countries started the reconstruction of the social and
economic structure, still attract attention. Apparently, that time is not just interesting, but, in
many respects, it is instructive.
A. Pylin.
Updating Economic Policy in Azerbaijan
Contemporary Azerbaijan is the leading state in the Southern Caucasus, the share of which
is over two thirds of the region’s economy. Having large reserves of hydrocarbons and a unique
geographical location, which is at the at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, the country managed
to attract foreign capital of the leading developed countries to the oil and gas sector back in the
90s, which later became the main driver of economic growth. The integration of the Republic of
Azerbaijan into the global economy as a major energy supplier, made it possible, for a quarter of a
century, to achieve exceptional results of social and economic development.
L. Fokina. Transformation of the Economy of Moldova: Disappointing Results
The first President of Moldova M. Snegur, advocating for the reunification of the Republic of
Moldova with Romania, in fact, provoked forceful actions against Transnistria, whose population
vigorously resisted reunification. As a result, on the territory of Transnistria, the self-proclaimed
Transnistrian Moldavian Republic was formed. The existence of the unrecognized republic has
become one of the features of the Post-Soviet evolution of Moldova’s economy.
E. Monczynska. Inclusion as an Imperative of Social and Economic Structure
The contemporary modern global free-market social and economic reality is most clearly
manifested from two sides. On the one hand, with one of them, it is growing social inequality,
extensive social isolation and the world’s remaining zones of famine, with a population of about
one billion people. On the other hand, there are growing manifestations of tranquility and
squandering in the world of the rich, in the world economy of surplus.
E. Vilkin. Institutional Changes as a Driver of Transformations of Economic Systems
The interest of researchers in the importance of institutions, of institutional changes and in the
evolution of social and economic systems increased markedly over the past several decades. One
of the most important reasons for this interest is the experience of former socialist countries,
passing through fundamental systemic changes and facing dilemmas concerning the choice of the
institutional model of capitalism or of another social and economic system.
E. Sheinin. Energy Factor in Russia's Economic Relations with the Countries of Central-Eastern Europe:
a Difficult Search for a Compromise
Providing of the economies of the countries of Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) with energy
resources is one of the most urgent and complex problems. In its solution, the cooperation of
these countries with Russia plays a significant role. For Russia, it is a market and a source of revenues from energy exports, determined by the geographical proximity and the established
traditional ties. For the CEE countries, these are the energy supply and the energy security.
L. Khodov.
What Happened to the Entrepreneurial Spirit of the Germans?
In Germany, small and medium-sized businesses, along with the largest private and public
companies and concerns, have always been a co-author of economic development, one of the most
important factors in building of the strength of the country. What today has become the reason
and the socio-economic stimulus for reduction of the entrepreneurial activity of the population in
the country?
T. Valeva.
The Bulgarian Turn
In any democratic country in the world, the elections of the head of state, no matter whether it is
a presidential republic or a parliamentary one, become the most important event for its citizens.
In such small states as Bulgaria, presidential elections were of a fateful character in contemporary
history.
M. Ricceri.
How to Save the Sociality of a Market Economy
According to the International Labor Organization – ILO, the first specialized agency of
the United Nations that has been operating since 1946 on a tripartite basis and is attended by
representatives of governments, organizations of workers and employers from 187 countries in the
world, 73 percent of the world’s population, or 5,2 billion people, is without any social protection.
These data reflect the dramatic level of social injustice in the world.
S. Novikov
Wage Stagnation and Inequality in the USA
This paper is based on a series of reports from Raising America’s Pay, a multiyear research, which
had been conducted by the Economic Policy Institute over a period of several years, in order to
make wage growth an urgent national policy priority. The studies of Raising America’s Pay
identify broad-based wage growth as the central economic challenge of our time, which is essential
for alleviating inequality, expanding the middle class, reducing poverty, creating equal access to the
economic prosperity, and for sustaining of economic growth.
L. Zevin.
How to Measure the Progress of Regional Economic Integration?
One of the main trends of the world development of the XXI century is the interaction and
competition of global and regional processes. Already at the end of the second half of the last
century, the incorrectness of the thesis about the domination of globalization, becomes clear. In
fact, two multidirectional vectors dominated and continue to dominate: these are globalization and
fragmentation (regionalization and inter-regionalization in the form of emerging trans-oceanic
partnerships). The unmatched periods of the peak of development of each of the vectors explain
why globalization was considered as the dominant one.
G. Toloraya.
A Pilot Project of "The Greater Eurasian Partnership"
In 2016, the idea of "The Greater Eurasian Partnership" was put forward at the center of Russia's
conceptual approaches to advancing of its strategy in the Asian Pacific Region (the APR). At the
St. Petersburg Economic Forum in June of 2016, President of Russia V. Putin proposed "to think
about the creation of the Greater Eurasian Partnership with the participation of the Eurasian
Economic Union, as well as of the countries with which we already have close relations, such as
China, India, Pakistan, Iran and of course our partners in the CIS and in other interested states
and associations". What are the prospects for this Eurasian partnership in the new geo-economic
conditions?
